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Positive emotion drives disinformation ads on Facebook

The most-clicked ads had a clear recipe made up of four ingredients. They were short, used familiar and informal language, and had big ad buys keeping them up for long enough to reach more people. In a bit of a surprise, the most engaging ads were also full of positive feelings, encouraging people to feel good about their own groups rather than bad about other people.

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Before and after the 2016 U.S. presidential election, Russia’s Internet Research Agency purchased tens of thousands of Facebook ads in an effort to stoke division among Americans. Their effect on the election is hard to quantify. But their reach is undeniable.

“Tens of millions of people were exposed to these ads. So we wanted to understand what made these disinformation ads engaging and what made people click and share them,” said Juliana Fernandes, a University of Florida advertising researcher. “With that knowledge, we can teach people to pinpoint this kind of disinformation to not fall prey to it.”

With these disinformation campaigns ongoing, that kind of education is vital, Fernandes says. Russia continued its programs to mislead Americans around the COVID-19 pandemic and 2020 presidential election. And their efforts are simply the best known – many other misleading ad campaigns are likely flying under the radar all the time.

The most-clicked ads had a clear recipe made up of four ingredients. They were short, used familiar and informal language, and had big ad buys keeping them up for long enough to reach more people. In a bit of a surprise, the most engaging ads were also full of positive feelings, encouraging people to feel good about their own groups rather than bad about other people.

“It’s a little bit counterintuitive, because there’s a lot of research out there that people pay much more attention to negative information. But that was not the case with these ads,” Fernandes said.

These are the findings from research conducted by Fernandes and her UF colleagues analyzing thousands of deceptive Russian Facebook ads. Fernandes, an assistant professor of advertising in the College of Journalism and Communications, collaborated with researchers in the Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering and the College of Education to publish their results Feb. 21 in the Journal of Interactive Advertising.

Their dataset came courtesy of the U.S. House of Representatives Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, which investigated the Internet Research Agency’s campaigns around the 2016 election. That trove of data provided a detailed look at the levels of engagement these ads spurred that is normally hidden from public view.

In all, the UF researchers analyzed more than 3,200 ads, a sample of the 80,000-plus ads reviewed by the House committee. Using machine-learning techniques, the team determined the linguistic characteristics and emotional mood of the ads, which they paired with data on how much money was put behind each ad, its length and how many clicks it received.

Most prior research on disinformation campaigns has focused on organic posts or untruthful media outlets, not ads. Today, these kinds of ads are easily purchased and targeted to specific groups of people, opening up new avenues for deception, says Fernandes.

“Anyone can buy an ad. I could go in and buy an ad and start spreading disinformation. We need to understand how these misleading ads spread,” Fernandes said.

The identification and regulation of these kinds of misleading or divisive ads is in flux. A lawsuit before the Supreme Court is outlining what responsibility Facebook and other social media companies have for content on their sites, potentially including advertisements. Facebook has implemented some moderation of misleading content, but the company has mostly focused on posts by users rather than ads.

In the meantime, Fernandes says, individuals have to protect themselves by applying a critical eye to what gets pushed into their social feeds.

“Sometimes I go on my Facebook feed and I see a sponsored ad and I wonder, ‘Why is this being shown to me right now?’” Fernandes said. “We need to educate people to ask these kinds of questions, to look at information and analyze: ‘Where is this coming from? Is it true?’ I think it’s a matter of teaching people to spot these signs that they’re being misled.”

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Prime Asia Hotel thrives through technology, shared values

“Our model is to always adapt and to listen to our guests, to see their requirements in order to adjust accordingly and improve our facilities,” said Prime Asia Hotel General Manager Walid El Zeer.

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In the dynamic sphere of hospitality, Prime Asia Hotel (PAH) has carved a niche that was built on unwavering values and confidence in technology.

At the heart of its success, there is relentless dedication to offer guests a memorable stay, making use of innovative tools, coupled with a commitment to the company values: Pleasantness, Attentiveness, and Honesty.

“Our model is to always adapt and to listen to our guests, to see their requirements in order to adjust accordingly and improve our facilities,” said Prime Asia Hotel General Manager Walid El Zeer.

Making good on this promise, the hotel opened its doors to furparents who would like to bring their small pets with them. The hotel is also working to improve their facilities to soon accommodate even bigger breeds. 

Aside from that, the hotel also offers a 24-hour access to its swimming pool, a menu specially-made for kids, spa, and massage services, budget-friendly offerings, a 24/7 coffee shop, as well as diverse culinary options perfect for leisure, business, and family travelers.

“A satisfying aspect for us is providing a safe and friendly environment for families and kids, to see them happy, and enjoying their time in the hotel. It’s touching when you see them sad to leave, wanting to come back or to stay more. It gives us happiness that we are able to achieve something that is good for these families,” El Zeer noted. 

In a business where every second counts, technology’s ability to eliminate bureaucratic roadblocks and enable real-time decision-making has been a game-changer for Prime Asia Hotel. 

They harness technology to optimize operations, freeing up staff from tedious chores so they can concentrate on creating meaningful guest interactions. This helps them foster an environment where the team can thrive and guests feel truly valued.

Converge ICT Solutions Inc., their technology provider, plays a crucial role in this evolution by offering up-to-date solutions that complement the hotel’s aspirations.

Their subscription to business-grade fiber of Converge, flexiBIZ, sees to it that the connectivity remains fast and reliable, meeting the speed and consistency that travelers require.

“Today, even if you give the cleanest room, cook the best food, give the best service, the nicest smile and you are not providing a good reliable Wi-Fi connection, the guest will not be happy. Now we are on FlexiBiz. It’s it’s very efficient, budget friendly and reliable solution,” El Zeer said.

“Sometimes the guests have two or three gadgets in the same room, but we are not receiving any complaints about it. It’s still working very well and very reliable,” he added. 

Beyond technology, Prime Asia’s success is nurtured by the core values it stands up for. Having their values at the core of their hiring decisions, they make sure that every staff member is motivated by a shared vision and goal.

For El Zeer, skills can be developed, but values are innate. Combining this with necessary skills, the hotel is positioned to create a synergy that sets them for exceptional service.

Undoubtedly, Prime Asia Hotel’s future holds immense promise. As Prime Asia Hotel continues to stride forward, its commitment to guest-centricity and innovation remains unshaken. 

With this dedication, Prime Asia Hotel guarantees that each visitor leaves with treasured memories, a sense of belonging, and a promise to return.

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Better or different? How brand differentiation affects pay and profits

High-quality brands taking advantage of brand cachet to pay employees less erodes profits due to negative effects on employee productivity and retention. More unique brands which tend to pay more, on the other hand, yield a net positive effect on profits due to positive effects on the same employee behaviors.

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New research finds brands that leverage a reputation for quality to pay employees less risk eroding profits.

The paper, published in the Journal of Marketing Research and authored by researchers from Duke University, London Business School and Texas A&M University, shows that vertical brand differentiation (being perceived as better) is associated with lower pay, whereas horizontal brand differentiation (being perceived as different) is associated with higher pay.

High-quality brands taking advantage of brand cachet to pay employees less erodes profits due to negative effects on employee productivity and retention. More unique brands which tend to pay more, on the other hand, yield a net positive effect on profits due to positive effects on the same employee behaviors.

“High-end brands, which are known for their quality and heritage of excellence, find it easier to attract employees who want the résumé boost of working for a well-known brand,” said Christine Moorman, Professor of Business Administration at Duke’s Fuqua School of Business. “Experiments undertaken during our study show that Human Resource managers believe, and employees agree that, on average, they will accept lower pay for such benefits.”

“More unique, lesser-known brands don’t have the same résumé cachet,” Moorman said. “Managers believe, and job candidates agree, that they require higher pay to work for these unique brands as such employment does not convey the same résumé power in securing future jobs.”  

Critically, these differential brand-pay relationships have important downstream effects on employee behavior and, consequently, on firms’ profits.

Nader Tavassoli, Professor of Marking at London Business School explained: “Taking advantage of high-quality brand cachet to lower pay represents a false economy because profits are diminished by negative effects on employee productivity and retention. Pay dissatisfaction can lead to people working less hard or leaving, ultimately costing companies money. Managers should, therefore, rely on brand reputation to attract talent, but not leverage it to suppress pay.”

“Higher pay can be motivating as employees exert extra effort, thereby driving up productivity and profits,” added Alina Sorescu, Professor of Marketing at Mays Business School, Texas A&M University.

“As Henry Ford once said, ‘Paying good wages is not charity at all, it is the best kind of business,'” Sorescu said. “This is borne out by our findings, which show that when managers at more unique firms pay more, profits increase.”

Given these dynamics, the researchers recommend that managers should consider brand differentiation in their pay benchmarking:

  • Consider your brand in setting pay, as your brand’s perceived quality and uniqueness have opposing pressures on employee pay.
  • Leverage your brand’s perceived quality to attract talent but not to pay less, as this results in a net profit loss due to negative effects on employee productivity and retention.
  • Take a benign view of paying employees more based on your brand’s perceived uniqueness, as this results in a net profit gain due to positive effects on employee productivity and retention.
  • Adjust your competitive pay benchmarking based on relative levels of both vertical and horizontal brand differentiation.
  • Have marketing and HR work together to compete effectively in the war for the “right” talent.

“Brands in the Labor Market: How Vertical and Horizontal Brand Differentiation Impact Pay and Profits Through Employee-Brand Matching” by Christine Moorman, Alina Sorescu and Nader T. Tavassoli appeared in the Journal of Marketing Research.

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Nudging food delivery customers to skip fork drastically cuts plastic waste – study

As food delivery services became increasingly popular during the COVID-19 pandemic, the surge in plastic waste generated by single-use cutlery has become a key environmental challenge for many countries.

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In 2021, more than 400 million metric tons of plastic waste were produced worldwide, and it is predicted that the world’s plastic waste growth will continue to outpace the efforts to reduce plastic pollution in the coming decades. As food delivery services became increasingly popular during the COVID-19 pandemic, the surge in plastic waste generated by single-use cutlery has become a key environmental challenge for many countries.

A new study finds “green nudges” that encouraged customers to skip asking for cutlery with their delivery orders were dramatically successful and could be a powerful policy tool to reduce plastic waste.

“Few policies target plastic waste production at the consumer level, except charges on plastic bags,” says EPIC-China’s research director Guojun He, an author of the study and an Associate Professor at the Hong Kong University Business School. “Our findings show that simple nudges can make a big difference in changing consumers’ behaviors and could become a tool for policymakers as they confront the immense challenge of plastic waste.”

Reducing single-use cutlery waste in the food-delivery industry is particularly important in China, the world’s largest producer and consumer of single-use cutlery. As of 2019, more than 540 million Chinese were active users of food-delivery services and each day consumed more than 50 million sets of single-use cutlery that were not adequately treated or disposed of. To reduce single-use cutlery consumption, policy-makers in China set a target of reducing its usage in food deliveries by 30 percent by 2025.

Guojun He and his co-authors Yuhang Pan, Albert Park, Yasuyuki Sawada and Elaine Tan worked with Alibaba’s online food-ordering platform Eleme. Eleme is China’s second largest food-delivery company, similar to Uber Eats and DoorDash, with more than 753 million users in 2022. The researchers evaluated the effectiveness of Alibaba’s green nudges to reduce single-use cutlery consumption. These nudges included changing the default selection to “no cutlery” and including green points as rewards for not using the cutlery. When a customer accumulated enough green points, they could then be redeemed to plant a tree under the customer’s name.

The researchers studied each user’s monthly food-ordering history for two years through 2019-2020 in 10 major Chinese cities. These included the three treated cities with green nudges (i.e., Beijing, Shanghai, and Tianjin) and the seven control cities without the nudges (Qingdao, Xi’an, Guangzhou, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Wuhan, and Chengdu). Among these cities, the authors randomly sampled about 200,000 active users (i.e., those who placed at least one order between 2019 and 2020).

The authors found that the green nudges—changing the default to “no cutlery” and rewarding consumers with green points—increased the share of no-cutlery orders by 648 percent. If green nudges were applied to all of China, they discovered that more than 21.75 billion sets of single-use cutlery would be saved annually—eliminating 3.26 million metric tons of plastic waste and saving 5.44 million trees (from wooden chopsticks) each year.

“Other food delivery platforms, such as UberEats and DoorDash, could try similar nudges to reduce cutlery consumption and plastic waste globally,” says He.

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